Critical essay
Research Paper Topics In Educational Technology
Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Contribution to Political Economy of Mass
Question: Examine about the Contribution to Political Economy of Mass. Answer: Presentation: The Manuel Castells is the educator of the urban geology at Berkley who has composed various books which incorporate the topography, city just as the data society. The Castells incorporate the monetary, social, political and the social components where the emphasis is on the space just as the changing jobs of the country state. (Castells, 1990). The social divisions are in the cutting edge urban areas where the general public will in general look at all the particular cases which are identified with the data. Castells center around the mechanical age where the data of the advances is the correspondence and natural variables. The general public will in general stay entrepreneur with the premise where the demonstrations change from the vitality to the data. The financial profitability, just as the correspondence innovation, permit the space with globalization in a significant structure. The key element of the social morphology is for the most part to deal with the tasks just as a focal point of control that would prompt the various leveled advancement. (Castells, 2000a). According to the perspectives on Castell, the force is for the most part in the system economy where the bookkeeping, HR are set with the capacity to arrange the gauges just as spotlight on the venture situated structures. The assets incorporate the representatives, experts just as the undertaking subtleties at the hour of portion of the assignments. The capacity depends on interest in the system alongside deciding the objectives of the system. (Castells, 2000b) The paired procedure is for the consideration and the system prohibition where there is nothing for the system development. Capital and Labor Castell has been concentrating on the data just as the educational guidelines, where the general public will in general spotlight on private enterprise. The system economy with the data is vital for the financial efficiency just as the turn of events. The model is identified with the progression of the capital assets which are set into the monetary forms, the product just as the stocks that depend on the data that is on the applicable themes. The feeling of data relies upon expanded efficiency. (Castells 2001). The contention is mostly on the system activity with the capacity to deal with the objectives just as the commitment to the preparing of work. The work will in general hold the variable geometry of the system with individualization of the work. The time is set for the creation based classes which end when there are laborers with no significant class. The settlement is to deal with the work and reserve the control where the substitution is for the most part by the group and the unremarkable entrepreneur of the system. The vanishing, abuse and the separation procedure stay for the work which is isolated into the framework work. The objectives are set with the systems administration economy where the non-work incorporates the monetary investigation, organization officials just as self-programmable work. The conventional work with the assembling and administration ventures can limit the pay with the significant principles to deal with the switch-off structures. (Garham, 2001). The significant purposes of Castells conceptualisation of self-programmable work; The parts are for the intensity of capital which is set through the educational work. The crossroads of the various systems incorporates the intensity of the outcomes, where Webster center around the regular types of the disparity guidelines through the unreasonable social result. The essential influenced factors are riches, training and the social connections which have been made by work and tended to upon to check how the laborers can deal with the self-programmable components. (Garnham, 2004a). The arranged work is for oneself programming work which incorporates the monetary examination, organization officials, who will in general deal with the data. The adaptability and the abilities are for the interests that match with the system objectives. The nonexclusive work incorporates the various specialists with the characteristic asset, producing just as the administration ventures. This has been for the compatible structures just as dispensable guidelines where the objective is consigned to the class of the switch-off structures. (Castells, 2000b). The ramifications of Castells conceptualisation of self-programmable work in the capacity advancement of a college understudy. There are various outcomes of the instructive work which incorporates the data society just as the immense decent variety of the assignments. The rubric of the data work incorporates the interests and qualities where the laborers are set as a gathering. Webster will in general give the best guide to the stockbrokers, specialists and the writers. The connection is set chiefly in the middle of the occupation just as the data to work in the data age with the entrepreneur method of improvement. It could prompt the force which has been usurped or unused by the systems. (Castells, 2000b). Castells likewise guarantee for the age of the system economy, data that is fundamental for the profitability. The system tasks with the creation based class end where the force is mostly for the business people who have had the option to move and deal with the systems with more prominent control. In this, the work has been separated into the framework, where the principles depend on keeping up the economy just as the better domain. The force is isolated from the political introduction, creation from the utilization or any data from the correspondence. (Castells, 2000b). The requirement is additionally to disarticulate the majority and work on the improvement of the system with legitimate arrangement of the objectives. The space of the progression of the spots is with the social, social and the chronicled groups, where the networks will in general situate and work on the innate personality. The way of life and the position are set downwards to the local and the shared gatherings wher e the system is for the networks to speak to the populace that is in the middle of the hubs of the system. For the creation and the turn of events, there is an appropriate relationship set for the exchanges just as the destabilization procedure which is for the social time just as the mechanical intermittence. Consequently, this could be mostly of the contemporary life measures, where the job is set for the creation, just as data work and private enterprise. The methods of creation and improvement decide the dispersion where the efficiency could without much of a stretch be for the excess creation. The issue by Webster is for the improvement modes which influence the social relations just as the creation models. (Castells, 2000b). The Castells protestations are to the opposite with the innovative turn of events, where the profitability depends on the info and the yield of the vitality just as making it feasible for in giving the framework productivity. Webster will in general decide the creation job just as the capital where the objective of collection is set to decide the relations of property. End The control is on the Castells examination, where the associations are set to draw and look at the estimation of the powers that break down the sway of the country. According to Garnham's, Castell's treatment of efficiency depends on the examination where the data innovation and the reception of the various gauges incorporate the profitability development for the different types of the non-ranch business part. (Castells, 2000a). With this, there has been internationalization of the economy which is fundamental for the data innovation. The bookkeeping strategy is set with the social powers where the effect is on assessment of society just as the creation relations. Reference Castells, M. (1990).The infomational city: A system for social change. Canada: University of Toronto. Castells, M. (2000a). Materials for an exploratory hypothesis of the system society.British Journal of SociologyVol. No. 51 Issue No. 1 (January/March 2000) pp. 5-24. Castells, M. (2000b).The ascent of the system society (second ed.). U.S.: Blackwell Publishing. Castells, M. (2001).The web world. U.K.: Oxford University Press. Friedmann, J. (2004). Perusing Castells: zeitdiagnose and social hypothesis. In F. Webster B. Dimitriou (Eds.),Manuel Castells, Volume III (pp. 152-164). London: Sage Publications. Garnham, N. (2001). Commitment to a political economy of mass-correspondence. In M.G. Durnham D. M. Kellner (Eds.),Media and social studies(pp. 225-252). U.S.: Blackwell Publishing. Garnham, N. (2004a). Data society hypothesis as philosophy. In F. Webster (Ed.),The Information Society Reader. New York: Routledge.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
First Time in Church Free Essays
Philosophical establishment 100 February 13, 2013 Reflection Paper #1 The substance of the love is altogether different from the manner in which I am utilized to in Islamic mosques. The clerics began by saying ââ¬Å"We favor ourselves for supplication for the sake of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spiritâ⬠and the group reacted with an Amen, and afterward an individual began to peruse from the book of scriptures. Each time the minister or the individual completed the perusing, individuals said ââ¬Å"The expression of the Lord. We will compose a custom exposition test on First Time in Church or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now â⬠People continued rehashing what the minister was stating until he began to peruse the Gospel. At the point when he gazed perusing the Gospel, individuals crossed themselves on the temple, the lips and the chest with their thumbs to show that Christ is at the forefront of their thoughts. At that point the minister began to favor the bread and wine, and each individual got the opportunity to drink and eat from them. At that point the minister solicited individuals to give an indication from harmony by welcome individuals who are close to one another truism ââ¬Å"Peace be with you. â⬠At the end, the Priest favored everybody and finished the Mass by advising individuals to go forward and spread the news, and the reaction was ââ¬Å"Thanks be to God. Music was played for more often than not during the mass. The tunes played were in truth extremely lovely to tune in to and consoling. The ensemble was behind the stage, so it was practically outlandish for individuals to see them playing the music, and I think it is how it is simply to forestall any interruption to individuals . I was not in reality sure that the tunes were in English since I didn't comprehend what the group was stating in spite of the fact that I had the notes I was given when I entered the congregation. I really had an awesome involvement with the Catholic Church. In spite of the fact that I was so apprehensive and didn't hope to be stunned by Christianity by any means, there were a few things that I truly preferred and wanted that everybody even non-Christians considered to do as people. At the point when the minister requested that the individuals show harmony and extraordinary one another, everybody checked out him and began to embrace the individual close to him saying ââ¬Å"peace with youâ⬠. These three words greatly affect any individual who hears them, and causes him to feel that he is cherished by others and a piece of a network. Albeit nobody most likely knew the other, they were prepared to demonstrate that they are joined in spite of the contrasts between them. There were ordinarily where I was befuddled and didn't comprehend what others were doing. Above all else, I didn't comprehend what everybody was singing nor the words rehashed after the minister. The melodies for reasons unknown didn't sound English by any stretch of the imagination; I wish I could comprehend them since they were truly astounding. Besides, I didn't get the piece of gift the bread and wine. n different words, for what reason would People hold up in line just to get one bit of bread to eat? What is so exceptional about it? Additionally, while getting the bit of bread, the minister was holding peopleââ¬â¢s heads and rehashing a few words, and afterward they crossed on their heads and chests, for what reason is that and what precisely did the cleric state? Finally, when individuals were on out of the congregation, they submerged thei r fingers in the water in the little wellspring before the exit and crossed again on their head and chest. I didn't have the foggiest idea why individuals did that particularly nothing appeared to be interesting in the water. After everybody was gone, my companions and I met the pioneer of the mass. Truly, I don't have the foggiest idea what his name was nevertheless he was such a pleasant individual. The garments he was wearing helped me to recognize which one was the minister among the individuals even before the mass began. I anticipated that the cleric should be wearing a dark dress since this is the thing that I had seen ministers wearing, however this cleric was wearing a white dress and another green dress above it to particular him from the others. Incredibly, he was not wearing any cap like most ministers in different places of worship do, which is somewhat unusual in light of the fact that I thought all clerics wear caps. He was extremely pleasant and invited us to ask him any inquiry him we had as a main priority. His wide meaning of elegance was ââ¬Å"the undeserved love of God. ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ It is the benevolence from God we don't merit; there is nothing we have done, nor can ever help to gain out. From meeting two of my Christian companions, the two of them characterized effortlessness as the kindness that God provided for mankind by sending Jesus Christ to bite the dust on a cross, and conveying interminable salvation. At last, I was unable to ask the minister numerous inquiries since he appeared to be occupied, and I really was so anxious to prop the talking up. Rather, I simply solicit one from my companions to educate me regarding his involvement in how godââ¬â¢s effortlessness has changed his live. He said that Godââ¬â¢s beauty has helped him feel such a great amount of better about himself and caused him to feel solid, sure, and upbeat. He said that he generally confided in god at whatever point he experienced difficulties, and his life was changed fundamentally. He didn't have the foggiest idea how precisely he beats his difficulties and melancholy, yet accepted that godââ¬â¢s love and force consistently helped him. The most effective method to refer to First Time in Church, Essays
Friday, August 21, 2020
U.s. jails today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
U.s. imprisons today - Essay Example Figure 1 outlines how far the US-detainee rate than those of other created countries.â PEW evaluated that in 2008 2,319,258 of the US populace are imprisoned (7). These insights are extremely distant from those of China, one of the most populated nations on the planet. Chinaââ¬â¢s imprisoned rate is assessed to be at 1.5 million of their populace just (Hutchins 1). à à à à à à à à à à à à According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the proportion of detainees per 100,000 people of the US populace developed from 193 out of 1995 to 259 of every 2007. By and large, 15,502 resting beds were included prisons during the previous a year in 2007. The extra beds summarized an all out appraised limit of 813,502 beds and in 2007, 96% of these beds were at that point utilized and occupied by prisoners (Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/jails.htm). To keep up such overpowering number of detainees, remedial offices, polices, and care groups ought to likewise be at standard with the quantity of detainees. With the fast developing populace of detainees in the US, use in prisons, remedy, bolster offices, and others are likewise expanding drastically. à à à à à à According to the figure above, there has been a humungous increment in the consumption of the criminal-equity capacities. In the police work there had been an expanded of 396% from the normal use of 1982 to the normal use in 2005. Concerning remedial and legal costs, a similar pattern happened with the police capacities. Both remedial and legal costs in 2005 had an expansion of 619% and 474%, individually, from its qualities in 1982. à à à à à à To oblige a typical prisoner, a normal of $23,876 every year is required (PEW, 11). This figure depends on 2005 insights. Additionally, states use per detainee differs with Rhode Island with $44, 860 spending on the highest point of
Friday, May 29, 2020
Impediments Against Cosmopolitanism Research Assignment - 550 Words
Impediments Against Cosmopolitanism Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: CosmopolitanismStudents NameInstitution AffiliationCosmopolitanism is an ideology citing that all people in the world belong to one community; this ideology is based on the context of a shared morality among human beings. The proponents of this ideology are usually referred to as cosmopolites. Kwame Anthony defines cosmopolitanism as universality plus difference (Appiah, 2006). A community which is cosmopolitan is bound by a shared political structure or an inclusive morality that is envisaged in many countries or nations. A cosmopolitan community is composed of individuals originating from diverse backgrounds that exist cordially and develop relationships founded on mutual respect. Individuals can originate from different political class, religious beliefs, and physical locations. Despite the individuals having different social beliefs, they come together and form mutual relationships with respect for everyones uniqueness (Appiah, 2006). These relationships can be be tween communities, nations, and states. All cities and localities hosting people from different cultures who live mutually are referred to as cosmopolitan towns or cities. Cosmopolitanism can be viewed as a global politics which project a sociality comprised of a strong political engagement existing among all individuals globally, the sociality can also be ethnically or socially superior over other forms of social engagements.Kwame supports cosmopolitanism through the assertions that cultures are respected not merely because they are important but because people matter and the cultures matter to people (Appiah, 2006). Cosmopolitanism is not merely a theory; it exists practically on the globe with new modern technology such as transportation and communication technologies fostering cosmopolitan lifestyles. These technologies enable the citizens of individual countries to become embodied in the global ethos through communication and ease of interactions brought about by new technologi es (Appiah, 2006). kwame in his book introduced two ideas supporting cosmopolitanism, kwame cited that individuals have obligations bigger than just belonging and sharing a nationality. Kwame also cites that people should never take for granted the value of life and thus strive to be informed about the beliefs and cultures of others. The above ideas are intertwined in the notion of cosmopolitanism. Despite the cultural and background differences, these people coexist peacefully and relate mutually to one another (Appiah, 2006). The peaceful existence of people from different walks of life in major cities in the world such as Dubai presents a perfect example of the existence of cosmopolitanism in the world. Philosophers cited that people in their everyday lives always developed relationships with other people, such relationships between people and total strangers is not bound by any written laws and thus suggest that all people globally belong to one community . The ease of making n ew relationships and establishing connections with people from other cultures and nations suggest that all human beings in the world belong to the same community thus explaining cosmopolitanism.There exist critics who are impediments against cosmopolitanism. The critics cite that cosmopolitanism is impossible and meaningless without encompassing in it the context of world-state. Critics further suggest that it is impossible to alter the current state of the worlds political landscape to form a global federation of st...
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Revolution the Cost of Frances Liberty - 863 Words
Indifferent rulers and overindulgent spending left France in severe debt. Civilians were starved of both food and hope, yet nobles enjoyed a pleasant lifestyle within the comfort of Versailles. Revolted by this injustice, the common people of France rebelled and fought for equality, giving birth to the French Revolution of 1789. This period is often characterized as needlessly violent, as gruesome events such as the Reign of Terror took place, in addition to many executions and riots. Despite the excessive bloodshed that dominated the era, the French Revolutionââ¬â¢s violence was not in vain, for the legacy of the revolution has ignited scores of independence movements in its wake and inspired new ideologies that continue to shape the modernâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The constant bloodshed brought attention to the struggles of the poor, forcing French officials to reform their government using concepts that have inspired future nations. In addition to influencing the ideologie s of many countries, the radical ideals of the French revolutionaries motivated the lower classes of other countries to take their own initiatives, seeking independence from their oppressive rulers. While the French rebels failed to find guns in the Bastille, its destruction served as a symbolic victory for the people. To the French, the ruins of the Bastille represented not only the peopleââ¬â¢s first victory, but also the promise that the lower class would be able to triumph over their tyrannical superiors. A painting titled The Demolition of the Bastille accurately depicts the event as such, as one can see that even ordinary people contributed towards the cause of the revolution (Doc. 2). Events like the destruction of the Bastille ignited a will to revolt throughout the world, specifically within Latin America and areas France occupied. According to an essay titled Revolutionary Legacies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, this chain of revolutions began in Mexico in 1 810 and soon sparked into Central and South America in 1820 (Doc. 9). While the French Revolution did not wholly inspire them, the new revolutions emulated the radically liberal ideas of it. The Revolution of 1789 presented the world with an example of a successfulShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution Explain the Significance of the Person, Event or Concept in Modern History Within the Time Period 1780-1914.1421 Words à |à 6 PagesAlfred Cobban stats in his text, In Search for Humanity, that, ââ¬Å"The consequences of the Revolution were so momentous for Europe at the time, and for the whole world subsequently, that it has cast a shadow over the whole of modern history.â⬠The French Revolution brought about significant changes in society and government of France. The revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, also had extending effects on the rest of Europe. It introduced democratic ideals to France but did not make the nationRead MoreDeclaration of the Rights of Man and t he Citizen in the French Revolution1101 Words à |à 4 Pagesimportant document of the French Revolution. The National Assembly passed it on August 6, 1789. The Declaration presents the idea of inalienable rights of humans regardless of social status or privilege. It, along with support of the majority of France, was instrumental in putting an end to the Ancien Regime. The Ancien Regime was the old order matriarchal way, and the people of France were tired of the control this absolute monarchy had over them. The French Revolution was a turning point in EuropeanRead MoreThe French Revolution During The 19th Century Essay1481 Words à |à 6 PagesDuring the beginning of history there have been major political, economic, cultural and social revolutions. The people wanted change and brought about revolt against their government. The revolution instigated the act of liberty and equality for all people and generated fair living standards and/or social classes and treatment. This prompte d expansions of political forces including but not limited to the democracy and nationalism. Questioning the authority of kings, priests and nobles it providedRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution During the period of 1789-1799 people lived much differently than700 Words à |à 3 PagesCauses of the French Revolution During the period of 1789-1799 people lived much differently than individuals do today and there were many reasons for this. During the French Revolution there was a large amount of taxation for certain class groups, ââ¬Å"While average tax rates were higher in Britain, the burden on the common people was greater in Franceâ⬠(GNU, 2008, pg. 2). Due to these large taxations on the peasants and lower class and not on the clergy and nobles it caused excessive conflict betweenRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Egyptian Revolution1444 Words à |à 6 Pagesinfluenced greatly the French Revolution (1789-1815) as well as the Egyptian Revolution (2011-Present).Some philosophes that created and supported these ideas were John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire. Ideas supported by these philosophes were the rights to life, liberty, and property, the freedoms of speech and religion and equality. Many causes of the French Revolution are similar to Egyptian Revolution. Some causes of the French Revolution were Franceââ¬â¢s Old Regime, in which an absoluteRead MoreThe Mistakes of the Brilliant General, Napoleon Bonaparte Essays1026 Words à |à 5 PagesHowever, Bonaparteââ¬â¢s likeable wit and seemingly military genius masked his faults. Although the French Revolution was a coup dââ¬â¢Ã ©tat to remember, it was tainted by Napoleon Bonaparteââ¬â¢s hasty rise to power, by his numerous military misjudgments, and by the liberty-diminishing actions and changes that he forcibly brought to Europe. The haste in which Napoleon was put into power after the French Revolution ended caused numerous negative consequences that sullied the efforts of the governmental overthrowRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay2042 Words à |à 9 PagesIn 1789 during the French Revolution France was in a time of chaos and economic turmoil with a struggle for class and power amongst the inhabitants. Prior to the revolution, the upper classes writhed to gain wealth and financial power, however in doing so they oppressed the peasants. The French Revolution is considered to be the most momentous movements as it distorted the principles of French society. The majority of the revolts in France from 1660-1789 were connected to the rebellions against domineeringRead MoreThe First Agent Of The American Revolution966 Words à |à 4 Pagesnot] be taxed or regulated by any power on earth but our own. -- Thomas Jefferson, 17741 The American Revolution was a war in which the thirteen colonies of Great Britain sou ght independence due to many unjust taxes and laws passed without their consent. The first agent of the revolution started in 1763 with the ending of the French and Indian War in which Great Britain conquered all of Franceââ¬â¢s holdings in North America. Consequently, this resulted in large amounts of debt for the British. TheRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution Essay1336 Words à |à 6 PagesCauses of the French Revolution There is no doubt that the French Revolution has had a profound effect on the world. The cause or causes of it have been greatly disputed. Clearly the Revolutions primary cause was the presence of a weak monarchy and a lack of a stable system of government. Frances absolute monarchy had many changes toward the end of the eighteenth century. Louis XIV, in his attempts to centralize his authority and also lessen the power of the aristocrats, had plannedRead MoreThe Old Regime During The Middle Ages2303 Words à |à 10 Pagesbourgeoisie, the urban workers, and the peasants. The bourgeoisie (upper middles class) included bankers, merchants, professionals, skilled artisans, teachers and judges; plus, they often received good educations and strongly supported the morals of liberty and equality that were introduced during the Enlightenment. There were even bourgeoisies who had as much money or even more money than the nobles, but they had to paid high taxes and they didnââ¬â¢t have access to the advantages of the other estates.
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Tassal Salmon Farming Samples for Students â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss aboout the Tassal Salmon Farming In Australia. Answer: Introduction Tassal is one of the worlds largest salmon producers, and Tasmanias largest employer. The company embarked on Tassal faming in 1986, and has since grown to take a significant chunk of the international salmon market. Tassal is short for Tasmania Salmon, and its history is largely analogous to that of the Australian salmon industry. Since the first salmon were imported form Nova Scotia, Canada, Tassal has grown into one of the most reputable companies as far as fish farming is concerned. The company has enjoyed both organic and inorganic growth. Through its own funds, it has been able to expand and open offices across Australia and New Zealand, and acquire a loyal following across Asia. It has also acquired other related companies as it seeks to enter new markets and industries, an example of this being the De Costi Seafood, an acquisition which was completed in 2015 (Tassal, 2017). Tassal has won acclaim over several of its functions, including marketing, quality assurance and environmental sustainability. In 2013 for instance, it was the recipient of the prestigious Marketing Excellence Award, which is given to companies which have been able to utilize marketing professionally and efficiently. It has been lauded for its environmental sustainability efforts. In 2014 for instance, it was benchmarked as the global leader in salmon farming, in the areas of corporate, social and environmental reporting. This is reporting which is not only focused on the financial sustainability of the company, but also its social and environmental fortunes, and how its activities bring a positive impact to the society. Other awards have been given for sustainability in business, and more importantly, for innovation (Tassal, 2017). Overfishing is one of the most important issues facing the fishing industry in the world. It has been established that though overfishing, particular species of fish have become endangered. The Atlantic salmon has featured in this list, especially due to the actions of giant fish trawlers in the North Atlantic, off the Canadian coast. However, the species have found a lifeline through the practice of commercial fish farms. The practice is prevalent not only in Australia, but also in Canada, the United States, and other countries within which the ideal rearing conditions exist r can be recreated. In this respect, companies such as Tassal play an extremely important role in environmental conversation. At the same time, pressure groups such as the Sustainable Seafood Movement have supported commercial farms activities since they ensure that dependence on wild species is minimized (Kotler Keller, 2012; Saikia, 2014). The industry Over the years, Australia has established itself as the premier source of seafood for the wider Australasian region. This is driven on by high quality, and the availability of a unique type of salmon which is not found anywhere else in the region. Besides Tassal, other companies in Australia have also attained the globally accepted standards of high quality processing standards. The industry is very well positioned to lead the market both in the region and internationally. The Australian aquaculture industry is in for a good run due to international and domestic trends regarding seafood. The Food and Agriculture organization, FAO, has predicted that by 2021, more than half of all fish consumed globally will be produced in farms, as opposed to wild fishing. There is an increase in the appetite for seafood both locally and internationally too. It has been reported, for instance, that local demand for salmon outstrips supply, meaning that the industry is likely to be lucrative for a lon g time to come, as more people become more familiar with salmon and other products of aquaculture (DOA-AU, 2017). The industry has in recent years come under scrutiny due to the feeding practices the industry has in place. Salmon is a carnivorous fish. The companies feed them by catching wild fish and processing it to food for the salmon, in the process meaning that the industry consumes more fish than it produces. Salmon producers may therefore contribute of overfishing, especially of other species that they have no intention of rearing in the farms. To control this, the industry and salmon food manufacturers have come up with initiatives which will still result in a high protein diet for the fish, but using less wild fish as is currently the case. Fish farming also has its own social benefits as well. In Tasmania, it has been established that the popularity of recreational shopping is on the rise. This has correlated with the rise in salmon shipping on the island, as well as in the wider Australia (Tassal, Annual report, 2012). Segmentation, Targeting and positioning Tassal has segmented its market alongside retail and wholesale markets. In Tasmania, salmon eating is as avid as in other parts of Australia, especially given its reputation as the premier salmon farming zone in Australia. Of the retail market that Tassal serves, individuals over 50 years old are the main market. These individuals understand the famous health benefits of the fish better than the young generation, and are therefore willing to include it more in their meals. The wholesale market is targeted by Tassal due to the amount of fish it produces, and due to the strength of this segment in distribution. As a company producing more than 10 million eggs annually (Tassal, 2017), Tassal has an enormous capacity to serve Australian salmon lovers wit enough fish (Leonidou, Katsikeas, Morang, 2013). The Salamanca seafood Company is a division of Tassal enterprises, which operates in mainland Australia and is focused exclusively on wholesale business. The wholesale market in Australia fits the description of an ideal target market perfectly. It is one of the most lucrative segments of the market, being able to absorb must of Tassals group stock. In the financial reports released in 2012, Tassal Limited reported that its attempts to export salmon to other countries had produced highly unfavorable and unpredictable results, meaning that its economic viability is deeply in question. This has required it to redouble its efforts on the local market, where it understands that to successfully meet its growth targets in the future; it needs to focus much more strongly on the mainland wholesale market, and partly explains the decision to deploy Salamanca for this task (Leonidou, Katsikeas, Morang, 2013; Praksis, 2014). In terms of positioning, there are both industry and organizational aspects to Tassals approach. The Australian salmon industry, as has been mentioned before, has been renowned in the region for its attention to high quality. Tassal is no exception, with its business being highly dependent on its reputation for providing the highest quality Atlantic and Norwegian salmon, and even winning numerous awards for it. Another positioning element of Tassal is on sustainable agricultural practices which do not harm the environment. This is an increasingly important issue to many Australians and others around the globe. By showing that fish presented for sale have been reared in the most environmental friendly conditions possible, Tassal shows that it is not merely focused on profits, but for the long-term wellbeing of the community within which it operates (Tassal, Annual report, 2012). Marketing mix and sustainability Product The product that Tassal produces for the market is of high quality, and has been the reason behind its growth over the years. The company has been able to improve its production methods, leading to the annual hatching of more than 11 million new salmon every year. The quality of salmon nutritionally is well documented, with the fish containing the vital amino acids. For this reason, it is highly popular among the older generation (Leonidou, Katsikeas, Morang, 2013)(Ackman, 1996). There are several offerings of salmon which are offered. The fish is offered fresh, smoked, canned, or frozen. Each of these specifications is geared towards specific needs of the people, as well as their distance to the main supply chains. Fresh salmon is typically used for barbeques and specific dishes. It can however only be reliably sold to consumers in or around Tasmania, since it does not have long shelf life. Sliced and smoked salmon on the other hand is an important offering especially to the wholesale market, of which Salamanca is the companys main driver. Canned salmon is targeted at those looking for convenience, such as busy professionals who still love the fish. Lastly, there is frozen, which is still focused on this group, and is designed to be extremely easy to prepare (Ackman, 1996). Due to the different packaging and differentiation of the product, different distribution channels are necessary. Besides the wholesale market, the company is also involved in export and retail. The packaging, and warehousing o the salmon takes place in Tasmania, and the product is either directly shipped to customers for resale, or to local stores which are able to sell the product while it is still fresh. Other considerations include environmental sustainability, quality assurance, and government regulations regarding the safety of food (Folke, Kausky, Troell, 1994). In the whole chain, sustainability is highly regarded. The company has ensured that its production methods are sustainable to the environment, by consistently reducing the amount of wild fish needed to feed the salmon. It has also enabled the decrease in reliance on wild salmon, by rearing the fish n controlled environments. Tassal is also a champion of sustainable aquaculture through the packaging of its fish, which comes with strong advice to dispose of the product wisely(Sprague, Dick, Tocher, 2016). Price Tassals price is meant to reflect its quality and application of state of the art farming practices in its farms, The price is also reflective of the firms target to increase the consumption of salmon in Tasmania and elsewhere, both in and beyond Australia. The pricing strategy adopted by Tassal is a beneficiary of the sustainable and innovative practices it has undertaken in the past. The company has been able to over time, reduce the price it charges for its products, due to increased economies of scale and cost savings generated by innovative methods of production cheaper feed, for instance (Folke, Kausky, Troell, 1994). Tassal appreciated the environmental and health impact of encouraging people to feed more on salmon, and in the process shunning less healthy foods. Feeding more on salmon will mean that the demand for wild fish, salmon or otherwise should decrease. At the same time, the increased appetite for salmon will lead to more revenues, but also a healthier population which eats highly nutritious food at an affordable price (Leonidou, Katsikeas, Morang, 2013; Naylor, 2000). Promotion Tassal has been aggressive in its marketing campaigns. It has sponsored events, and also sought to package its products attractively, drawing attention chiefly to the importance of its health benefits and Tasmanian heritage. Tassal has been successful as well in its online presence. The company has a huge following on social media, where it interacts with its customers, as well as a website which is well updated and lay out. For its efforts, he firm won the marketing excellence award in 2010 (Goi, 2009). In all its advertisements, three things are always clear on the management of Tassal focus on quality of the product, its health benefits, and the environmental impact of its activities. The company has sought, in different promotional avenues, to showcase the importance that Tassal attaches to the environment, and the adoption of sustainable practices in production. These efforts have not gone unnoticed, with the firm being credited for its performance in ensuring that the environment it relies on is not in any way harmed by its activities, which in other cases would be devastating for the environment. Place Tassal has a couple of distribution channels which it mainly uses to get its products to the final consumer. The first of these is Salamanca, which is primarily focused on getting smoked salmon, among other products, to the Australian market. This channel l is both economically and environmentally viable since Salamanca is a wholly owned subsidiary, and is therefore managed along the same sustainability procedures that Tassal is known for. At the same time, The Company distributes its wares locally. This is done so as to ensure fresh fish gets to the dinner plate. This also involves less transportation expenses and requirements, thereby further contributing to sustainability (Shi, Zhang, Qu, 2010; Finch, 1998). Comparisons Due to the important environmental aspects which are in present in salmon farming, however, many companies are mostly focused on the production of salmon. They ensure that is sustainable, and that the best practices are employed. However, unlike Tassal, which has integrated sustainability into all its Ps of the marketing mix, others, such as Huon, have not. In this aspect therefore, the company possesses a clear competitive advantage (Tassal, History, 2017; Huon, 2017). Recommendations Despite the achievements that the company has met sustainability, there still is a great need to ensure that it is fully environmentally sustainable. This will mean that issues such as distribution, and especially, production, are further streamlined. The issue of feeds in particular requires more research to ensure that the company becomes a net producer of protein in the long term. References Ackman, R. (1996). DHA: Can It Benefit Salmon Marketing? Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology , 5 (4), 7.26. DOA-AU. (2017). Aquaculture in Australia. Retrieved 04 26, 2017, from agriculture.gov.au: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/fisheries/aquaculture/aquaculture-industry-in-australia Finch, J. (1998). An option?based approach for pricing perishable services assets. Journal of Services Marketing , 12 (6), 473-483. Folke, C., Kausky, N., Troell, M. (1994). DHA: Can It Benefit Salmon Marketing? Journal of Environmental Managmeent , 40 (2), 173-182. Goi, C. (2009). A revioew of marketing mix: 4 Ps or more? INternational Journal of Marketing Studies , 1 (1), 2-15. Huon. (2017). Home page. Retrieved 04 27, 2017, from www.huonaqua.com.au/: https://www.huonaqua.com.au/ Kotler, P., Keller, K. (2012). Marketing Management. London: Pearson. Leonidou, C., Katsikeas, C., Morang, N. (2013). Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off? Journal of the Academy of marketing Science , 41 (2), 151-170. Naylor, R. (2000). Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. International Weekly Journal of Science , 405, 1017-1024. Praksis, E. (2014). Looking for Sustainable Solutions in salmon aquaculture. Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics , 8 (1), 22-40. Saikia, S. (2014). Sustainable aquaculture: agro-ecological role of periphyton in ricefish farming. Reviews in Aquaculture , 7 (3), 172186. Shi, J., Zhang, J., Qu, X. (2010). Optimizing distribution strategy for perishable foods using RFiD and sensor technologies. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing , 25 (8), 596-606. Sprague, M., Dick, J., Tocher, D. (2016). Impact of sustainable feeds on omega-3 long-chain fatty acid levels in farmed Atlantic salmon, 20062015. Scientific Reports , published online. Tassal. (2012). Annual report. Tasmania: Tassal Group Limited. Tassal. (2017). History. Retrieved 04 26, 2017, from tassal.com.au: https://www.tassal.com.au/our-history/
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